Violência sexual, infância e povos indígenas: ressignificação intercultural das políticas de proteção no contexto das indígenas crianças / Sexual violence, childhood and indigenous people: intercultural redefinition of protection policies in the context of indigenous children / Violencia sexual, niñez y pueblos indígenas: resignificación intercultural de las políticas de protección en el contexto de los niños indígenas

O artigo analisa a construção de política diferenciada de intervenção sobre violência sexual contra indígenas crianças com base nas experiências institucionais da rede de proteção do município de Altamira, estado do Pará, no Brasil. Mediante uso de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, além da vivência direta como membro desta rede de proteção, problematiza-se a forma como os direitos indígenas e a compreensão intercultural da infância e da violência sexual repercutiram numa mudança de concepção das políticas de enfrentamento no município, possibilitando a condução de processos de pesquisa sobre a realidade sociocultural dos povos indígenas com relação à temática, também à formação continuada dos profissionais que atuam no atendimento direto das vítimas e na elaboração de fluxo de atendimento intercultural que contemple a autodeterminação dos povos indígenas na dinâmica de atuação da rede de proteção.

The article analyzes the construction of differentiated policy for intervention in the area of sexual violence against indigenous children, based in the institutional experiences of a protection network in the municipality of Altamira, Pará State, Brazil. Through the use of documentary and bibliographical research, as well as direct experience as a member of this protection network, we discuss how indigenous rights and intercultural understanding of children and sexual violence have resulted in a change in design of protection policies in the city. This has led to research processes on the socio-cultural reality of indigenous peoples and sexual violence, and the continuing education of professionals working for the direct care of victims, developing an intercultural services that includes the self-determination of indigenous peoples through the protection network

El artículo analiza la construcción de la política diferenciada de intervención sobre la violencia sexual contra los niños y niñas indígenas, con base en las experiencias institucionales de la red de protección de la ciudad de Altamira, estado de Pará, Brasil. A través del uso de la investigación documental y bibliográfica, así como la experiencia directa como miembro de esta red de protección, se discute cómo los derechos indígenas y el entendimiento intercultural de la niñez y de la violencia sexual han promovido un cambio en el diseño de las políticas de protección en la ciudad, permitiendo la realización de procesos de investigación sobre la realidad socio-cultural de los pueblos indígenas en relación al tema; también la formación continuada de los profesionales que trabajan en la atención directa de las víctimas y el desarrollo de flujo de atendimiento intercultural que incluya la autodeterminación de los pueblos indígenas en la dinámica de actuación de la red de protección.

Comportamentos-problema de uma criança vítima de abuso sexual / Problem behaviors of a child victim of sexual abuse

O presente estudo analisou funcionalmente comportamentos-problema, como fazer birra, desobedecer, emitidos por uma criança que fora vítima de abuso sexual. Para o controle experimental foi empregado o delineamento de múltiplas condições com três condições principais: atenção,sozinha e controle. As condições de atenção e sozinha foram divididas em outras subcondições. Os resultados demonstraram que a atenção social controlava os comportamentos inadequados da participante. Para o programa de tratamento, optou-se pelo uso do delineamento de reversão-replicação do tipo ABAB seguido de follow-up. Esse constituiu de uma fase de linha de base I (A), seguida da fase de intervenção (B), outra fase de linha de base II (A), seguida por outra fase de intervenção II (B). Para a intervenção, foi usado o reforçamento diferencial de comportamento alternativo (DRA), um procedimento que envolveu o reforçamento positivo de comportamentos alternativos adequados que são topograficamente diferentes dos comportamentos inadequados, combinado com a sua extinção (EXT). Por meio da intervenção houve um aumento na frequência dos comportamentos adequados, diminuindo-se a frequência dos comportamentos inadequados, podendo-se demonstrar a eficácia do programa de tratamento.

In the present study functional analysis of problem behaviors such as tantrum and disobedience issued by a child who was sexually abused was done. The experimental control procedure was delimitated multiple conditions. The conditions were: attention, alone and control. The conditions of attention and alone have been subdivided. Results showed that social attention controlled the inappropriate behavior of the participant. For the treatment program, it was used a design ABAB reversal with follow-up, with a baseline phase (A), followed by the intervention phase (B), another baseline phase II (A), followed by a new intervention phase (B). For the intervention, it was used a differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors (DRA), a procedure involving positive reinforcement of appropriate alternative behaviors, which are topographically different from inappropriate behaviors, combined with its extinction. Through the intervention there was an increase of appropriate behaviors frequency and decrease of inappropriate behaviors frequency, making it possible to demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment program.

Abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar: a subnotificação e os serviços de saúde / Intrafamilial child sexual abuse: underreporting and health care services

A pesquisa investigou aspectos referentes ao diagnóstico e à notificação de abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar pelos serviços básicos de saúde do Município de Maringá-PR. O abuso sexual contra crianças é um problema de saúde pública, devido à alta incidência epidemiológica e às graves conseqüências dele decorrentes. Apesar de iniciativas municipais recentes para enfrentamento do problema, poucos são os casos denunciados oficialmente, o que dificulta o dimensionamento do problema e a criação de políticas adequadas. As instituições de saúde são espaços privilegiados para a detecção precoce e a notificação dos casos, porém é essencial que, na medida em que os profissionais de saúde consigam identificar a ocorrência da violência, sintam-se seguros para notificar. Dificuldades em relação à detecção, à notificação e ao funcionamento da rede de apoio às vítimas foram levantadas, possibilitando inferir pontos estratégicos para desenvolvimento de programas de capacitação necessários para o estabelecimento de ações de combate ao abuso sexual infantil. Os resultados apontam dificuldades importantes no que se refere ao diagnóstico precoce e insuficiente informação sobre o processo de notificação e de encaminhamento dos casos. Essas dificuldades podem ser minimizadas mediante a adoção de uma política de educação continuada, bem como do fortalecimento da rede de proteção à criança e ao denunciante.

This research investigated issues relating to diagnosis and reporting cases of child sexual abuse from the health services in the Maringá city. Sexual abuse against children is apublic health problem due to the high epidemiological incidence and the severe consequences arising from it. Although the work has been made from the municipal administration toconfront this problem, there are few cases officially reported, which restrains the problem and the creation of appropriate policies. Health care facilities are ideal areas for early detection and reporting of cases, but in order to do so it is essential that health professionals, identifying the occurrence of violence, especially within the family, feel safe to report. Difficulties related to the detection, notification and network operations in support of victims were raised. Thatprocedure allowed the inference of strategic points for the development of training programs required for the establishment of actions to oppose child sexual abuse. The professionals had major difficulties regarding to early diagnosis and information deficit concerning the process of notification and the referral of cases. These difficulties can be minimized by adopting a policy of continuing education and strengthening the network of child protection and thecomplainant.

Caracteristicas sociodemograficas del perpetrador de delitos sexuales contra menores en la Ciudad de La Habana: periodo comprendido de septiembre del año 2005 a septiembre del 2006 / Demographic characteristics of the sexual crime perpetrator on minors (in havana city, from september -2006 to september -2007

Las agresiones sexuales repercuten más allá del hecho violento atentando contra la libertad y la dignidad de las personas y generando una compleja gama de trastornos en la integridad de la víctima y en su entorno familiar, educacional y social, además representan una de las más graves disfunciones de la convivencia humana; todo esto se agrava cuando la víctima es una personalidad en formación. Con nuestro estudio tratamos de darle solución al siguiente problema: ¿Qué factores personológicos y sociales caracterizan a los sujetos que cometen delitos sexuales contra menores? El beneficio mayor de este trabajo es de índole social, pues el descubrir y determinar las características del perpetrador ayudaría con una visión criminológica preventiva, unido a lo que ya sabemos sobre las víctimas, a reducir los índices de estos delitos y por ende las secuelas físicas y psíquicas que dejan y que en la mayoría de los casos dan al traste con la vida de las víctimas o provocan su hospitalización. Por lo tanto este proyecto nace de la necesidad imperiosa de buscar perfiles de los sujetos que cometen estos delitos, perfiles que se realizan desde el punto de vista criminológico. Para esto nos trazamos como objetivo establecer las condiciones sociodemográficas sobre la base de las variables edad, sexo, estado civil, nivel escolar, vinculación. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo. El universo de trabajo estuvo comprendido por todos los individuos que fueron acusados formalmente en Ciudad de La Habana de cometer un delito sexual en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2005 y septiembre de 2006. A cada caso se le realizó uniformemente, según criterios e instrumento preestablecidos, las siguientes investigaciones: cuestionario de recogida de datos, entrevista en profundidad, examen pericial psiquiátrico y prueba de funcionamiento familiar. Los perpetradores de delitos sexuales en su mayoría son hombres jóvenes de 21 a 45 años...

Sexual abuse impacts on victims further than the violent fact. It attempts against the freedom and dignity of the persons causing a complex spectrum of disorders on the victim’s integrity and on his or her social, educational and family environment, besides it represents one of the most critical dysfunctions of the human coexistence, becoming everything worse when the victim is a developing personality. With this work we try to bring a solution to the following problem: Which are the social and personological factors that characterized the perpetrator of sexual crime on minors? The greatest benefit of this work lies on its social condition, therefore, bringing to the light and determining the characteristics of the perpetrator joined with a preventive criminological vision, and what we have already known about the victims will help to reduce the levels of sexual crimes and resulting physical and psychological consequences. Consequently, this project emerged from the necessity of looking for the individuals’ profiles that commit these kinds of crimes. These profiles are performed from the criminological point of view. This target was developed having into consideration the social demographical conditions based on the variables of age, sex, marital status, educational level and employment condition. A perspective longitudinal descriptive study was carried out. The work included all the individuals properly accused for committing a sexual crime from September, 2005 to September, 2006 in Havana City. Investigations in each case according to criteria and pre-established instrument as compiled data questionnaire, extensive interview, psychiatric expert test and family functioning test were carried out. Most of the sexual crimes perpetrators are twenty-five to forty-five year men, with middle and higher education, and living with a stable couple. Three fourth of individuals do not present properly criminal records or previous convictions....

Discriminative Factor Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency in South Korea / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The present study was intended to compare difference in research variables between delinquent adolescents and student adolescents, and to analyze discriminative factors of delinquent behaviors among Korean adolescents. METHODS: The research design of this study was a questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were administered to 2,167 adolescents (1,196 students and 971 delinquents), sampled from 8 middle and high school and 6 juvenile corrective institutions, using the proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The discriminative factors of delinquent behaviors were smoking, alcohol use, other drug use, being sexually abused, viewing time of media violence and pornography. Among these discriminative factors, the factor most strongly associated with delinquency was smoking (odds ratio: 32.32). That is, smoking adolescent has a 32-fold higher possibility of becoming a delinquent adolescent than a non-smoking adolescent. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, that smoking was the strongest discriminative factor of delinquent behavior, suggest that educational strategies to prevent adolescent smoking may reduce the rate of juvenile delinquency. Antismoking educational efforts are therefore urgently needed in South Korea.